In modern engineering construction, all kinds of construction machinery, such as excavators, loaders, bulldozers and road rollers, are widely used in earthwork, road construction, mining and other fields. These devices usually need to move flexibly in complex terrain and changeable working environment, so the speed regulation performance of their walking system directly affects work efficiency, safety and operating comfort. This paper will discuss how to realize effective speed regulation of construction machinery walking from the aspects of speed regulation principle, speed regulation mode and maintenance of speed regulation system.
First, the basic principle of construction machinery walking speed regulation
The walking system of construction machinery is generally composed of power system (such as engine), transmission system (hydraulic or mechanical transmission) and actuator (such as tracked wheels or tires). The core of speed regulation is to change the walking speed of equipment by controlling power output or transmission ratio.
In the hydraulic transmission system, the walking speed is mainly determined by the flow output from the hydraulic pump. The greater the flow, the higher the speed of the driving motor and the faster the walking speed. On the contrary, reducing the flow can reduce the speed. In the mechanical transmission system, the speed adjustment is usually achieved by changing the transmission ratio of the gearbox.
Second, the common way of walking speed regulation
1. Manual speed regulation
Manual speed regulation is the most basic speed regulation method, and the operator directly adjusts the engine speed or transmission gear through the joystick or pedal to control the walking speed. This method has simple structure and low cost, but it requires higher operators and has limited speed regulation accuracy.
2. Hydraulic stepless speed regulation
The hydraulic stepless speed regulation system adopts the combination of variable pump and quantitative motor, and continuously adjusts the flow of hydraulic oil by changing the displacement of the pump, thus realizing smooth stepless adjustment of walking speed. This speed regulation method has the advantages of quick response and flexible control, and is widely used in modern high-performance construction machinery.
3. Electric control speed regulation
With the development of electronic control technology, more and more mechanical equipment adopts electronic control speed regulation system. The operation signal is collected by the sensor, and the controller automatically adjusts the output power of the hydraulic pump or motor according to the set parameters to realize accurate speed control. This method not only improves the control accuracy, but also saves energy and reduces consumption.
4. Automatic cruise speed regulation
Similar to the cruise control function of cars, some high-end construction machinery are equipped with automatic cruise control system. After the speed is set, the control system can automatically maintain a constant speed to reduce the fatigue of the operator and improve the working efficiency.
Third, the maintenance of speed control system and matters needing attention
In order to ensure the stability and reliability of the speed control system, daily maintenance is very important. Mainly includes:
-Regularly check the quality and oil level of hydraulic oil;
-Clean or replace the filter element to prevent impurities from entering the system;
-Calibration of sensors and control elements to ensure accurate feedback signals;
-Avoid long-term overload operation and prevent the system from overheating and damage;
-Pay attention to steady acceleration and deceleration during operation to avoid sudden start and stop.
IV. Conclusion
With the development of construction machinery in the direction of intelligence and high efficiency, its walking speed regulation system is constantly upgrading. From the traditional manual speed regulation to the modern electric control and automatic speed regulation, the technical progress not only improves the working efficiency of equipment, but also enhances the convenience and safety of operation. In the future, combining artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technology, the walking speed regulation of construction machinery will be more intelligent and efficient, which will bring greater convenience to engineering construction.